{"id":1047,"date":"2023-10-23T15:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T13:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/?p=1047"},"modified":"2023-10-23T15:00:17","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T13:00:17","slug":"italie-omezuje-spolupraci-s-cinou-stredni-evropa-neni-jednotna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/?p=1047","title":{"rendered":"It\u00e1lie omezuje spolupr\u00e1ci s \u010c\u00ednou, st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Italsk\u00e1 premi\u00e9rka Giorgia Meloni do konce roku pl\u00e1nuje splnit p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed slib, \u017ee It\u00e1lie odstoup\u00ed od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka. Pro? spolupr\u00e1ci evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a \u010c\u00edny se stav\u00ed tak\u00e9 USA. St\u0159edoevropsk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost je rozd\u011blen\u00e1 v n\u00e1zoru na to, jak vlastn\u011b \u0159\u00eddit ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy s \u010c\u00ednou. Pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd provedl CEPER ve 12 zem\u00edch regionu, ukazuje, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi fanou\u0161ky spolupr\u00e1ce s \u010c\u00ednou jsou Srbov\u00e9, Slovinci a Bulha\u0159i, naopak \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd vliv cht\u011bj\u00ed nejv\u00edce omezovat v Rumunsku, \u010cesku a na Slovensku.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iniciativa P\u00e1su a stezky oslavila v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9 10. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed. Podle Eurostatu byla \u010c\u00edna v roce 2022 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm partnerem EU s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotou v\u00fdvozu. Zat\u00edmco v roce 2002 \u010dinil dovoz z \u010c\u00edny 7,8 % celkov\u00e9ho dovozu zbo\u017e\u00ed do EU, do roku 2022 poch\u00e1zelo z \u010c\u00edny 20,9 % dovozu do EU. Mezi evropsk\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a asijskou zem\u00ed roste vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost, kterou se z\u00e1padn\u00ed politici sna\u017e\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it strategi\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CEPER provedl pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ve 12 st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, aby l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bl tomu, jak St\u0159edoevropan\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o vztahu sv\u00e9 zem\u011b a \u010c\u00edny. 1 000 respondent\u016f z ka\u017ed\u00e9 z 12 zkouman\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed bylo dot\u00e1z\u00e1no, zda podporuj\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed nebo oslaben\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch vazeb mezi \u010c\u00ednou a jejich zem\u00ed. Respondent si mohli vybrat mezi podporou oslaben\u00ed nebo pos\u00edlen\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch vazeb mezi \u010c\u00ednou a jejich zem\u00ed, nebo up\u0159ednostn\u011bn\u00edm ponech\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch vazeb na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CEPER zjistil, \u017ee v ot\u00e1zce \u010c\u00edny existuje rozd\u00edl mezi severem a jihem. Existuje 6 zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ji\u017en\u00ed), kde relativn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina ve\u0159ejnosti up\u0159ednost\u0148uje pos\u00edlen\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch vztah\u016f s \u010c\u00ednou, zat\u00edmco v dal\u0161\u00edch 3 region\u00e1ln\u00edch (v\u011bt\u0161inou severn\u00edch) zem\u00edch je relativn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch vztah\u016f na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00farovni. Bulharsko a zem\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie pat\u0159\u00ed do prvn\u00ed skupiny. 50 % \u010cernohorc\u016f, 48 % Srb\u016f a 49 % Slovinc\u016f si p\u0159\u00e1lo pos\u00edlit ekonomick\u00e9 vazby s \u010c\u00ednou. Tak\u00e9 v Chorvatsku (38 %), Severn\u00ed Makedonii (33 %) a Bulharsku (42 %) nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl respondent\u016f podpo\u0159il siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 vazby. 34 % respondent\u016f ze Severn\u00ed Makedonie, kandid\u00e1tsk\u00e9 zem\u011b EU a \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu NATO, nebylo schopno (nebo odm\u00edtlo) na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u011bd\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zem\u011b s opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm postojem k \u010c\u00edn\u011b maj\u00ed pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vztahy s USA. V Rumunsku 42, na Slovensku 47 a v \u010cesku by 49 % obyvatel nezm\u011bnilo sou\u010dasnou \u00farove\u0148 ekonomick\u00fdch vazeb s \u010c\u00ednou. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by ani neprohloubily, ani neoslabily obchodn\u00ed vztahy s \u010c\u00ednou. Mezi nimi je nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rumunsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost: 35 % Rumun\u016f si p\u0159eje oslabit ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy s Pekingem, co\u017e je o 11procentn\u00edch bod\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch regionu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existuje tak\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed, pon\u011bkud nerozhodnut\u00e1 skupina st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V t\u011bchto zem\u00edch nen\u00ed propast mezi t\u011bmi, kdo d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost &#8222;v\u00edce ekonomick\u00fdm vztah\u016fm&#8220;, a t\u011bmi, kdo prosazuj\u00ed &#8222;nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 vztahy&#8220;, v\u00fdznamn\u00e1. V Rakousku je rozd\u00edl pouze 8, v Polsku 7 a v Ma\u010farsku 1procentn\u00ed bod. Ani posilov\u00e1n\u00ed, ani oslabov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch vztah\u016f beze zm\u011bny nem\u00e1 v t\u011bchto spole\u010dnostech v\u00edce ne\u017e 40% podporu. 28 % Raku\u0161an\u016f, 34 % Ma\u010far\u016f a 27 % Pol\u00e1k\u016f je pro hlub\u0161\u00ed vztahy. 22 % Raku\u0161an\u016f a Ma\u010far\u016f, zat\u00edmco 13 % Pol\u00e1k\u016f si p\u0159eje usilovat o slab\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed vztahy s \u010c\u00ednou. V\u011bt\u0161ina respondent\u016f ocenila ekonomick\u00e9 vazby s \u010c\u00ednou a \u2013 zejm\u00e9na v ji\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch regionu \u2013 vid\u011bla potenci\u00e1l v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed obchodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee by strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik nebyla popul\u00e1rn\u00ed. Jedinou ot\u00e1zkou je, co pojem bude p\u0159esn\u011b znamenat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Metodologie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed byl realizov\u00e1n ve 12 zem\u00edch st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9ho regionu: v Rakousku, Bulharsku, Chorvatsku, \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, Ma\u010farsku, Rumunsku, Srbsku, Slovensku, Slovinsku, Severn\u00ed Makedonii, \u010cern\u00e9 Ho\u0159e a Polsku. Sb\u011br dat prob\u00edhal od 21. srpna do 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023 (v Ma\u010farsku v \u0159\u00edjnu 2023). Pr\u016fzkum byl proveden telefonicky (osobn\u011b v Srbsku a \u010cern\u00e9 Ho\u0159e) a z\u00fa\u010dastnilo se ho 1 000 respondent\u016f z ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011b. Vzorek podle jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed je reprezentativn\u00ed podle pohlav\u00ed, v\u011bku a typu s\u00eddla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CEPER (Central European Perspectives) je zna\u010dka spole\u010dnosti CEPER Group GmbH. Specializuje se na st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, sv\u00fdm klient\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed monitoring m\u00e9di\u00ed, pr\u016fzkum trhu a pr\u016fzkumy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed z regionu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italsk\u00e1 premi\u00e9rka Giorgia Meloni do konce roku pl\u00e1nuje splnit p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed slib, \u017ee It\u00e1lie odstoup\u00ed od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka. Pro? spolupr\u00e1ci evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a \u010c\u00edny se stav\u00ed tak\u00e9 USA. St\u0159edoevropsk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost je rozd\u011blen\u00e1 v n\u00e1zoru na to, jak vlastn\u011b \u0159\u00eddit ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy s \u010c\u00ednou. Pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd provedl CEPER ve 12 zem\u00edch regionu, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1048,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-aktualne"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/financialtimes.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}